We'll study the works of selected women poets in their broader cultural context. The course will be arranged thematically: topics will include contemporary representations of women and women authors, the education of women, women and the classical tradition, publication and patronage, the role of male mentors like Richardson and Johnson, selected genres (e.g., the verse epistle, the Ovidian/heroic epistle, the ode, the georgic, the country house poem) and subjects (e.g., women, poetry, nature, slavery, politics), and, especially in second term, the intersection of gender issues with those of social class and race.
Four short (10-15 minute/1000 words) seminar reports (40%), one in-class test on February 28th (20%), one major essay due April 10 (25%), 250-word proposal and annotated bibliography for major essay due February 21 (5%), informed participation in class and on line (10%).
You can find most of the poems we'll be reading in the course anthologies; please
bring these to each class.
Eighteenth-century women poets. An Oxford anthology, ed. Roger Lonsdale (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1989) = L.
Eighteenth-century poetry. An annotated anthology, ed. David Fairer and Christine Gerrard (Oxford and Malden, Massachusetts, 1999) = B.
Texts for a few other poems on the syllabus are (or will be) linked to this home page; you're responsible for downloading these in time for class. These texts are for the use of ENG442Y students only.
Patricia Bellamy's handout from the Jan 3rd library instruction session is now on line.
Jack Lynch's wonderful C18th site has links to electronic texts and to other great resources for the study of the eighteenth century. See also the C18-L home page -- it has links to selected readings (see below) and to the archives of the C18-L list.
Check out British theatre: some information about women playwrights of the period.
Chadwyck-Healey's `Literature online' site, the "Search texts" option (NOT the "Find" or "Browse authors", for some reason) is probably the best place to start looking for any poem by any author that you might be interested in - though not necessarily the best edition of it!
Other useful resources :Unfamiliar words or meanings? Search the Oxford English Dictionary
The Voice of the Shuttle: Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature
The EServer’s Eighteenth-Century Cultural Studies Links
Wherever possible the secondary readings on the syllabus have been placed on two-hour loan on short-term loan at the Gerstein Library, King's College Circle. If the reading is from an academic journal, you can also find these at Robarts and at good college libraries like Trinity and Victoria.
I'm also compiling some other reading lists on topics like eighteenth-century women and authorship and eighteenth-century poetry. Please let me know if you find things I should add to this!
STOP PRESS! Richard Greene just told me about James May's on-line bibliography of studies of women writers, readers, and publishers. It's rather long, but you can use Netscape's "Edit"/"Find in Page" command to search for things you need.
The C18-L home page has a bibliographical database of selected readings -- articles and books on C18th topics that you can search -- when the search engine is working. And Jack Lynch has a page with Eighteenth-century literary bibliographies on line.
There are many other books and articles out there that I haven't listed here. If you're logging on from a "utoronto" server, you should have access to bibliographical indexes like those on Literature Online ("Search secondary sources") and the MLA Bibliography. These indexes will guide you to academic articles. (ABELL: From "Literature online", select "Reference works". MLA: from U of T Library's "Database selection" menu, select one or both "MLA Bibliographies".) Let me know if there are any articles and books that we should all know about.
Your instructor
Professor Percy's administrivia page
First term syllabus
Overview
Week 1 (Sept 13)
1. Introduction: poetry (& piety)
Week 2 (Sept 20)
2. Female perspectives on female vanity, nature, art/ifice
Week 3 (Sept 27)
3. Pope and Swift on women
Week 4 (Oct 4)
4. Women writers and Pope and Swift
Week 5 (Oct 11)
5. Thanksgiving - no class
Week 6 (Oct 18)
6. The bu$ine$$ of literature: poets, patrons, periodicals, the public
Week 7 (Oct 25)
7. The woman poet at home
Week 8 (Nov 1)
8. Representing writing: sewing and song. Or, Ariadne, Arachne, Philomela, Echo as mythic models?
Week 9 (Nov 8)
9. Women and education: nature, nurture
Week 10 (Nov 15)
10. Female feeling and its forms: Odes & Ovid
Week 11 (Nov 22)
11. Female feeling and its forms: elegies
Week 12 (Nov 29)
12. Strategic retreats: Finch and `public privacy'
Week 13 (Dec 6)
13. Female reputation and infamy: Wortley Montagu and verse satire
Next term's topics may include mid-century constructions of women's literary history; men's appropriation of the female voice; class, gender, and labour (subversions of the pastoral, the georgic, the `country house poem' by labouring-class poets); the Bluestockings and their circle; nature; slavery; Phillis Wheatley; politics.
Detailed outline of first term syllabus
Week 1 (Sept 13)
1. Introduction: poetry (& piety)
Mary Lady Chudleigh, The Ladies defence
Sarah Fyge Egerton, The female advocate
Elizabeth Rowe, `A paraphrase on the Canticles: chapter 5'
Anne Killigrew, `HERODIAS Daughter presenting to her mother St. JOHN's Head in a Charger, also Painted by her self'
Anne Finch, Countess of Winchelsea, `The introduction'
Mary Leapor, `Man the monarch' a1746 (B291)
1.1. Women poets at the turn of the century
Rebecca Gould Gibson, `"My want of skill": apologias of British women poets, 1660-1800", pp. 79-86 of Eighteenth-century women and the arts, ed. Frederick M. Keener and Susan E. Lorsch (New York, Westport, London: Greenwood, 1988). NX 452 E56. Not on STL.
Germaine Greer, `Introduction' (1-13), `Elizabeth Singer' (383ff), Kissing the rod: an anthology of 17th century women's Verse, ed. Germaine Greer, Jeslyn Medoff, Melinda Sansone,and Susan Hastings (London: Virago, 1988). PR 1177 K57 STL
Joanna Lipking, `Fair originals: women poets in male commendatory poems', Eighteenth century life 12.1 (May 1988): 58-72. HN 1 E42 STL #3679
Dorothy Mermin, `Women becoming poets: Katherine Philips, Aphra Behn, Anne Finch', ELH 57 (1990): 335-355. PR1 E3. STL #3588
[Kathryn R. King, `Jane Barker, Poetical recreations, and the sociable text', ELH 61 (1994): 551-570. PR 1 E3 O2]
1.2. Creating the canon
[Margaret J.M. Ezell, `The tedious chase: writing women's literary history in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries', and `Memorials of the female mind: creating the canon of women's literature in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries'. Writing women's literary history (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993). PR 111 E94. Not on STL.]
[Margaret Ezell, `The myth of Judith Shakespeare: creating the canon of women's literature', New literary history 21 (1990), 579-592. PN2 N48. Not on STL]
Donna Landry, `The traffic in women poets', The Eighteenth Century 32.3 (1991): 180-192. DA 506 B9 A6182. STL #3587
Karina Williamson, `The eighteenth century and the sister choir', Essays in Criticism 40.4 (1990): 271-286. PN2 E77. STL #3592
Literary (anti-)feminism:
Week 2 (Sept 20): 2. Female perspectives on female vanity, nature, art/ifice
`For what is Beauty but a Sign?' Anne Finch, `Adam posed' 1709 (L12)
Anne Finch, `The agreeable' (B36)
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, `Saturday. The small pox' 1715/1716 (B179)
Elizabeth Tollet, from `Hypatia' 1724 (L99)
Mary Barber, `Written for my son, and spoken by him at his first putting on breeches' 1731 (L120)
Mary Jones, `After the small pox' 1750 (B282)
Mary Leapor, `Dorinda at her glass' a1746 (B284)
Mary Leapor, `An essay on woman' a1746 (L207)
Mary Whately, `The Vanity of external accomplishments' 1764 (L260)
Week 3 (Sept 27)
3. Pope and Swift on women: some selections
Alexander Pope, The Rape of the Lock (B102)
Jonathan Swift, `Stella's birthday, 1721' (B72)
Jonathan Swift, `The lady's dressing room'
2&3.1. Eighteenth-century notions about the nature of women
Alice Browne, `Notions of woman', in The eighteenth century feminist mind (1987). HQ 1593 B76 1987 STL
Ellen Pollak, `The eighteenth-century myth of passive womanhood', The poetics of sexual myth: gender and ideology in the verse of Swift and Pope (1985). PR 565 S48 P64 1985 STL
Valerie Rumbold, `Assumptions and ironies', in Women's place in Pope's world (1989). PR 3633 R84 1989 STL
2&3.2.Literary anti-feminism
Richard Greene, `Problems of the woman poet', pp. 54-58 and 86-97, in Mary Leapor. A study in eighteenth-century women's poetry (1993). PR 3539 L49 Z66 1993 STL
Charles Hinnant, `Feminism and femininity: the poetry of gender', pp. 82-98 of The poetry of Anne Finch: an essay in interpretation (1994). PR 3765 W57 Z69 STL
Laura Mandel, `Demystifying (with) the repugnant female body: Mary Leapor and feminist literary history', Criticism 38.4 (1996): 551-582. AS 30 W3 A2. Interprets Leapor's responses to Swift's "anti-blasons". Not on STL.
Felicity Nussbaum, `"The Sex's Flight": women and time in Swift's poetry' and `"The Glory, Jest, and Riddle of the Town": women in Pope's poetry 137-143' & `Conclusion', Brink of all we hate: English satires on women, 1660-1750 (1984). PR 449 W65 N87 1984 STL
Ellen Pollak, `The Rape of the Lock: a reification of the myth of passive womanhood', and `The difference in Swift', The poetics of sexual myth: gender and ideology in the verse of Swift and Pope (1985). PR 565 S48 P64 1985 STL
Week 4 (Oct 4)
4. Women writers and Pope and Swift
Alexander Pope, `Impromptu'
Anne Finch, `The answer'
[Alexander Pope, `Epilogue' to The Tragedy of Jane Shore 1714
[Anne Finch, `Epilogue' to The Tragedy of Jane Shore 1714 (McGovern 1996, pp. 115-119)]
Anne Finch, `The misantrope' (McGovern 1996, p. 109)
Jonathan Swift, `Apollo outwitted, To the honourable Mrs Finch, under her Name of Ardelia, written 1709'
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, `The reasons that induced Dr S to write a poem call'd the lady's dressing room'
Miss W-, `The gentleman's study, in answer to [Swift's] The lady's dressing room' (L130)
Readings: women poets and the literary life
Margaret Anne Doody, `Swift among the women', Yearbook of English studies 18 (1988): 68-92. PR 3 Y4. STL #3583
Barbara McGovern, `Finch, Pope, and Swift: the bond of displacement', Pope, Swift, and women writers, ed. Donald C. Mell (1996). PR 448 W65 P67 STL
Barbara McGovern, `London and its literary life', Anne Finch and her poetry: a critical biography (1992). PR 3765 W57 Z77 STL
Claudia Thomas, Alexander Pope and his eighteenth-century women readers. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, c1994. PR 3637 W6 T48 1996 ROBA, VUPT, TRIN. Not on STL.
Week 5 (Oct 11)
5. Thanksgiving - no class
Week 6 (Oct 18)
6. The bu$ine$$ of literature: poets, patrons, periodicals, the public
Anne Finch, `The miser and the poet' 1709 (L12)
Alexander Pope, An epistle to Dr Arbuthnot 1734 (B155)
Mary Barber, from `To a lady, who commanded me to send her an account in verse, how I succeeded in my subscription' 1734 (L127)
Mary Leapor, `An epistle to Artemisia. On fame' a1746 (B292)
Mary Jones, `An epistle to Lady Bowyer' 1736/1750 (B275)
Phillis Wheatley, `To Maecenas'
6.1 Some case studies
Anthony D. Barker, `Poetry from the provinces: amateur poets in the Gentleman's Magazine in the 1730s and 1740s'. Pp. 241-256 of Tradition in transition: women writers, marginal texts, and the eighteenth-century canon, ed.Alvaro Ribeiro and James G. Basker (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996). PR 442 T67. Should now be at STL #3819.
Dustin Griffin, `Introduction', `Mary Leapor', Literary patronage in England, 1650-1800, 1-12, 189-203. PR 448 A87 G75 STL.
Roger Lonsdale, `Introduction (ii)', Eighteenth-century women poets (Oxford University Press, 1989).
Sylvia Myers, `Elizabeth Carter's London career' and `Elizabeth Carter: essayist, translator, poet', in The bluestocking circle: women, friendship, and the life of the mind in eighteenth-century England (1990). PR 448 W65 M96 STL.
Betty Rizzo, `The patron as poet maker: the politics of benefaction', Studies in eighteenth-century culture 20 (1990) 241-266. CB 411 S8. Not on STL.
6.2 Background
Terry Belanger, `Publishers and writers in eighteenth-century England', in Books and their readers in eighteenth-century England, ed. Isabel Rivers (1982). PR 442 B57 1982 (not on STL)
R.W. Chapman, `Authors and booksellers', Johnson's England, ed. A.S. Turberville, 2:310-330 (1933). DA 487 T77 (not on STL)
A.S. Collins, Authorship in the days of Johnson: a study of the relation between author, patron, publisher and public, 1726-1780 (1929). PN 151 C6 1928 (not on STL)
W.C. Dowling, `The commonwealth of letters', in The epistolary moment: the poetics of the eighteenth-century verse epistle (1991). PR 559 E75 D69 STL.
John Feather, `The expanding trade', in A history of British publishing (London and New York: Routledge, 1988). Z325 F414 (not on STL)
Paul Langford, `Books and the bourgeoisie', 90-94 of A polite and commercial people (1989). DA 480 L26 STL.
Week 7 (Oct 25)
7. The woman poet at home
`Come, Muse, and sing the dreaded Washing-Day' Sarah Fyge Egerton, `The liberty' 1703 (B11)
Sarah Fyge Egerton, `The emulation' 1703 (B15)
Anne Finch, `To Mr. F. Now Earl of W.'
Judith Madan, `To Lysander. October 3, 1726' (L95)
Mary Barber, `The conclusion of a letter to the Rev. Mr C-' 1734 (L122)
Annabella Blount, [A cure for poetry] 1741 (L186)
Mary Leapor, `The epistle of Deborah Dough' a1746 (L209)
Mary Whateley, `On the author's husband desiring her to write some verses' c1780 (L261)
Anna Laetitia Barbauld, `Washing-day' 1797 (L308)
Readings: puddings and poetry
Richard Greene, `Problems of the woman poet', in Mary Leapor. A study in eighteenth-century women's poetry (1993). PR 3539 L49 Z66 1993 STL
Donna Landry,The muses of resistance: labouring-class women's poetry in Britain, 1739-1796, (Cambridge, UK and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990). ROBA copy is missing, so on STL at VIC PR 555 W6 L36 1990.
Carolyn D. Williams, `Poetry, pudding, and Epictetus: the consistency of Elizabeth Carter', 3-24 of Tradition in transition: women writers, marginal texts, and the eighteenth-century canon, ed. Alvaro Ribeiro and James G. Basker (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996). PR 442 T67. Should now be at STL, #3820.
Week 8 (Nov 1)
8. Representing writing: sewing and song. Or, Ariadne, Arachne, Philomela, Echo as mythic models?
`to compose/Faintly, the inimitable Rose' Anne Finch, `To the nightingale' 1713 (B35)
Anne Finch, `To the Eccho'
Anne Finch, `The Goute and Spider: a fable imitated from Monsr de la Fontaine'
Anne Finch, `The bird and the arras'
Anne Finch, `A description of one of the pieces of tapistry at Long-Leat, made after the famous cartons of Raphael'
Readings: nightingales and needlework
Charles H. Hinnant, `Apologies for poetry: the poetics of song and image', The poetry of Anne Finch: an essay in interpretation (1994). PR 3765 W57 Z69 STL
[Hogsett, Alice Charlotte, `Graffigny and Riccoboni on the language of the woman writer', 119-127 of Eighteenth-century women and the arts, ed. Keener and Lorsch (New York, Westport, London: Greenwood, 1988). NX 452 E56 ROBA. Not on STL.]
Jayne Elizabeth Lewis, `In her "transparent Laberynth": obstructions of poetic justice in Anne Finch's fables', The English fable. Aesop and literary culture, 1651-1740 (1996) PR 448 F34 L49 STL
Jean Mallinson, `Anne Finch: a woman poet and the tradition', in Gender at work: four women writers of the eighteenth century, ed. Anne Messenger (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990). PR 113 G4 1990. Not (yet) on STL.
Ann P. Messenger, `Selected nightingales and an "Augustan" sensibility', English studies in Canada 6.2 (1980): 145-153. PR 1 E64, STL #3590
[Nadine Ollman, `The poet as mermaid: images of self in Margaret Cavendish and others', 87-92 of Eighteenth-century women and the arts, ed. Keener and Lorsch (New York, Westport, London: Greenwood, 1988). NX 452 E56 ROBA. Not on STL.
Week 9 (Nov 8)
9. Women and education: nature, nurture`Education's more than Nature's Fools' Elizabeth Thomas, `On Sir J- S- saying in a sarcastic manner, my books would make me mad. An ode' 1722 (L40)
Elizabeth Tollet, `To my brother at St John's College in Cambridge' 1724 (L96)
`The amorous lady', `On being charged with writing incorrectly' 1734 (L146)
Elizabeth Carter, `A dialogue' 1741 (L168)
Elizabeth Teft, `On learning. Desired by a gentleman' 1747 (L217)
Mary Whately, `The power of destiny' 1764 (L258)
Ann Yearsley, `To Mr ****, an unlettered poet, on genius unimproved' 1787 (B450)
Readings
Alice Browne, `Women's education and women's rationality', The eighteenth century feminist mind (1987). HQ 1593 B76 1987 STL
Richard Greene, `Primitivism and education', in Mary Leapor: a study in eighteenth-century women's poetry (1993). PR 3539 L49 Z66 1993 STL
Jennifer Keith, `Elizabeth Carter', Dictionary of literary biography vol. 109. PN 451 D5 1978 GENR [at ROBA]
Paul Langford, `Middle-class schooling' (79-84) and `Women in polite society' (109-116), A polite and commercial people: England 1727-1783. DA 480 L26 1989 STL
Ellen Messer-Davidow, `"For softness she": gender ideology and aesthetics in eighteenth-century England', 45-55 of Eighteenth-century women and the arts, ed. Frederick M. Keener and Susan E. Lorsch (New York, Westport, London: Greenwood press, 1988) NX 452 E56. Not on STL.
Deborah Baker Wyrick, `Elizabeth Tollet', Dictionary of literary biography vol. 95. PN 451 D5 1978 GENR [at ROBA]
Week 10 (Nov 15)
10.Female feeling and its forms: Odes & Ovid
Anne Finch, `The spleen' 1701 (B23)
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, `A receipt to cure the vapours' 1730? (L66)
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, `Verses on self-murder' 1736 (B191)
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, `Epistle from Mrs Yonge to her husband'
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, `Epistle from Arthur G--y' 1721 (B181)
Mehitabel Wright, `Address to her husband' c1730? (L111)
Laetitia Pilkington, `Sorrow' (L140)
The amorous lady, `A letter to my love' & `To my love' (L147)
Week 11 (Nov 22)
11. Female feeling and its forms: elegies
Anne Finch, `On the death of the queen' 1718/1903
Elizabeth Rowe, `Upon the death of her husband' 1719 (L49)
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, `Epitaph' 1718 (L61)
Elizabeth Tollet, `On a death's head' 1724 (L98)
Mehitabel Wright, `To an infant expiring the second day of its birth' 1733 and `An epitaph on herself' a1750 (L115)
Elizabeth Boyd, `On the death of an infant of five days old, being a beautiful but abortive birth' 1733 (L135)
Elizabeth Carter, `On the death of Mrs. Rowe' 1737 (L167)
Readings for weeks 10 & 11:
Gillian Beer, `The heroic epistle and women's Gothic', Yearbook of English studies 12 (1982): 125-151. PR3 Y4. STL #3582
Joan deJean, "Fictions of Sappho", Critican inquiry 13 (1987): 787-805. AS 30 C75 ROBA. Not on STL.
W.C. Dowling, `Introduction' and `Lyric and epistle', in The epistolary moment: the poetics of the eighteenth-century verse epistle (1991). PR 559 E75 D69 STL
Isobel Grundy, `Ovid and eighteenth-century divorce: an unpublished poem by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu', Review of English Studies ns 23, no. 92 (1972): 417-428. PR 1 R39. STL #3584
Charles H. Hinnant, `"My old inveterate foe": poems of melancholy and grief', The poetry of Anne Finch: an essay in interpretation (1994). PR 3765 W57 Z69 STL
Kate Lilley, `True state within: women's elegy 1640-1700', Women, writing, history 1640-1740, ed. Isobel Grundy and Susan Wiseman (1992): 72-92. PR 113 W67 STL
Lawrence Lipking, Abandoned women and poetic tradition. University of Chicago Press, 1988. PN 1103 L56. NOT on STL.
Barbara McGovern, `"The spleen": melancholy, gender, and poetic identity', Anne Finch and her poetry: a critical biography (1992). PR 3765 W57 Z77 STL
Katharine M. Rogers, `Finch's "candid account" vs. eighteenth-century theories of the spleen', Mosaic 22 (1989): 17-27. PN 851 M6. STL #3591
Week 12 (Nov 29)
12. Strategic retreats: Anne Finch and `public privacy'
Anne Finch, `Mercury and the elephant, a prefatory fable' 1713 &
Anne Finch, `The critick and writer of fables' 1713
Anne Finch, from The petition for an absolute retreat 1713 (L15)
Anne Finch, `A nocturnal reverie' 1713 (B 33)
Anne Finch, `A ballad to Mrs Catherine Fleming in London from Malshanger Farm in Hampshire' c1719/1929 (L23)
Elizabeth Singer Rowe, `To Mrs. Arabella Marrow, in the Country'
Readings:
Carol Barash, `Anne Finch: gender, politics, and myths of the private self', English women's poetry, 1649-1714: politics, community, and linguistic authority (1996): 259-287. PR 545 W6 B37 1996 STL
W.C. Dowling, `Augustan audience', The epistolary moment: the poetics of the eighteenth-century verse epistle (1991). PR 559 E75D69 STL
Charles H. Hinnant, `The darkening green' and `The critic and the writer of fables', The poetry of Anne Finch: an essay in interpretation (1994). PR 3765 W57 Z69 STL
Jean Mallinson, `Anne Finch: a woman poet and the tradition', in Gender at work: four women writers of the eighteenth century, ed. Anne Messenger (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990). PR 113 G4 1990. Not (yet) on STL.
Barbara McGovern, `Female friendships and women writers', Anne Finch and her poetry: a critical biography (1992). PR 3765 W57 Z77 STL
Ann Messenger, `Publishing without perishing: Lady Winchilsea's Miscellany Poems of 1713', Restoration 5/1 (1981): 27-37. PR 433 R36. STL #3589
[Ann Messenger, `Women poets and the pastoral trap: the case of Mary Whately', 93-105 of Eighteenth-century women and the arts, ed. Keener and Lorsch (New York, Westport, London: Greenwood, 1988). NX 452 E56 ROBA. Not on STL.]
Jamie Stanesa, `Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea', Dictionary of literary biography vol. 95. PN 451 D5 1978 GENR [at ROBA].
Week 13 (Dec 6)
13. Female reputation and infamy: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and verse satire
Alexander Pope, from the First satire of the second book of Horace, imitated, 1733 (supplementary)
Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Verses address'd to the imitator of Horace 1733 (B188)
Alexander Pope, Epistle to a lady 1735 (B147)
Anne Ingram, Viscountess Irwin, from An epistle to Mr Pope, occasioned by his characters of women 1736 (L150)
Readings:
Carol Barash, `Lady Mary Wortley Montagu', Dictionary of literary biography vol. 95. PN 451 D5 1978 GENR [ROBA].
W.C. Dowling, `Satire and epistle', The epistolary moment: the poetics of the eighteenth-century verse epistle (1991). PR 559 E75 D69 STL.
Isobel Grundy, `The politics of female authorship: Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's reaction to the printing of her poems', The Book Collector 31:1 (1982) 19-37. Z 990 B6. STL #3585
Felicity Nussbaum, `"The Glory, Jest, and Riddle of the Town": women in Pope's poetry 143-158', Brink of all we hate: English satires on women, 1660-1750 (1984). PR 449 W65 N87 STL
Valerie Rumbold, `Female wit', Women's place in Pope's world (1989). PR 3633 R84 STL
Howard D. Weinbrot, `Pope's Epistles to several persons: a system of ethics in the Horatian way', in Alexander Pope and the traditions of formal verse satire (1982). PR 3632 W4 STL.
||Back to Professor Percy's home page||