Terms (from Millward, Crystal, and class lectures)
abbreviation
ablaut
acrolect
acronym (NATO)
active voice
adapt (lexical borrowing): Bach [k]
adjective
adopt (lexical borrowing): Bach [x]
adverb
adverbial
advertising English (Crystal 388)
affix (inflexional, derivational)
affixation
affricate
(origins of) African-American vernacular English: Anglicist vs Creole
hypothesis
allomorphy (synonym, symphony)
allophone
alphabetic
alveolar
amelioration
American English
apostrophe
apposition
assibilation
assimilation
attributive
auxiliary verb
back vowel
back-formation (asp, cherry, hero)
basilect
bilabial
Black English
blend
British English
Canadian English
`Canadian raising'
case
Cawdrey, Robert
Chambers
clipping (exam')
cognate
collocate
comparative adjective
complement (subject, object)
compound
compound prepositions (in addition to, on account of)
consonant
conversion (or "zero-derivation" or "functional shift")
corpora and new dictionaries (Crystal 438ff)
"count" nouns
creole
creole features (grammatical) (Crystal 347)
(inter)dental
determiner
dialect
Dialect Topography Project (Chambers)
digraph (
, )
diphthong
diphthongize
Dodsley, Robert
doublets
-ed form
Early modern English sound changes (Millward, Crystal 69)
EFL
English as a non-native language (Millward 393)
Elyot, Thomas
ENL
ESL
etymological respelling (debt)
euphemism
expanding circle
extension or generalization
Fergusson, Robert
finite verb
First Consonant Shift
fricative
front vowel
gender
genitive case
Germanic languages
Gillieron
glottal
grapheme
Great Vowel Shift
Grimm's law
Hardy, Thomas
high (or close) vowel
Hill, Geoffrey
hypernym
Indian English (Millward 394-6, Crystal 101,360)
indigene (Chambers)
Indo-European
informational vs involved production
-ing form
inkhorn controversy
inner circle
interdental
initialism (PC)
interloper (Chambers)
intransitive verb
irregular verbs: (weak, like sold, taught; strong, like
drive/drove/driven, drink/drank/drunk)
Johnson, Samuel
journalinguistics (Crystal)
Keats, John
labiodental
Labov, William
language vs dialect
Larkin, Philip
Lear, Edward
lexeme
lexical verb
liquid
Lowth, Robert
mesolect
metaphor
metonymy
mid vowel
modal verb
morpheme
morphographemic (house, houses)
Murray, James
narrowing or specialization
nasal
news media English
non-native Englishes: characteristics (Millward 393ff, Crystal 358ff)
nonrhotic
NORMs
noun
noun phrase
number
object (direct & indirect)
objective case
orthography
Oxford English Dictionary
outer circle
palatal
palato-alveolar
passive progressive ("The church is being built")
passive voice
past tense
pejoration or deterioration
perfective aspect
phoneme
phonetics (articulatory)
phonographic
phonology
phrasal verbs (come on, sit down)
pidgin
plosive
plural
poetic diction: `making it new', defamiliarizing
predicate
predicative
preposition
prepositional phrase
prescriptivism
present tense (state, habitual)
productive
progressive aspect
prosody
regional features
rhotic
root (free, bound)
root creation ("Kodak")
-s form of the verb
scientific English
semivowel
social features
social network theory: multiplex and uniplex
speech
spelling pronunciation
standard English
standardization: selection, elaboration, control & codification
stative verbs
stress-timing vs syllable-timing
strong verb (drive, drove, driven)
style-shifting: regionality, formality, register
style-shifting: "attention to speech", "speech accomodation"/"audience
design"/"speaker design"
stylistic features
subject
subjunctive ("If I WERE a rich man", "If it BE thou")
substrate
suffix
superstrate
synecdoche
taboo
tag questions
transitive verb
velar
verb + adverb
Verner's law
voiced
voiceless
Warton, Thomas
"weak" verb (regular, like jump/ed; irregular, like teach/taught)
Noah Webster
Wenker
Wheatley, Phillis
Wilson, Thomas
Wordsworth, William
World English
writing
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